Mu nganda zigezweho,Imashini Zibika Ingufubabaye tekinoroji ikomeye yo guhuza mubice nko guteranya module ya batiri, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byuzuye, hamwe nicyuma cyoroshye - urupapuro, kubera imiterere yihariye: "ingufu nyinshi, igihe gito, nubushyuhe buke." Nyamara, imirongo myinshi yumusaruro ikunze guhura n "" umuzimu "wubwiza budahwitse - bugaragaza nkimbaraga zihindagurika, imbaraga zikabije, cyangwa imbeho ikonje. Uku guhungabana ntiguhungabanya gusa ibicuruzwa byizerwa ahubwo binagabanya neza umusaruro.
Iyi ngingo igamije gutanga ubuyobozi bwemewe kandi bufatika kubakoresha inganda nabatekinisiye. Duhereye ku mahame remezo yo gusudira ingufu zo gusudira, tuzakora an - isesengura ryimbitse ryintandaro ya tekiniki itera guhuza ubuziranenge no gutanga ingamba zo kuzamura inganda - kugirango tugere ku kugenzura neza ubuziranenge bwa weld.
"Umuvuduko" na "Precision" yo gusudira ingufu zo kubika: An Muri - Ubujyakuzimu Reba ihame ry'imikorere
Intangiriro yo kubika ingufu zo gusudira ni uguhindura ingufu zamashanyarazi mu mbaraga zumuriro, ariko uburyo bwayo bwo guhindura butandukanye cyane na AC gakondo cyangwa gusudira inverter. Ikoresha banki ya capacator nk'ikigega cy'ingufu kugirango igere kubikwa ingufu, guhinduka, no kurekura ako kanya.
Kubika Ingufu no Kurekura: E=1 / 2CV²
Imikorere yo gusudira ingufu zishobora kugabanywamo intambwe eshatu:
- Kwishyuza (Ububiko): Amashanyarazi ya AC arakosorwa kugirango yishyure banki yubushobozi buke -, ibika ingufu zamashanyarazi nkumuriro uhagaze.
- Guhindura: Iyo amashanyarazi yashizwemo mbere (V) ageze, sisitemu ihagarika kwishyuza. Ingufu zose $ E $ zibitswe muri banki ya capacitor zirashobora kubarwa neza ukoresheje formula $ E=\\ frac {1} {2} CV ^ 2 $ (aho C ni ubushobozi).
- Gusohora (Kurekura): Bitewe na thyristor cyangwa SCR, banki ya capacitor ihita irekura ingufu zabitswe binyuze muri transformateur yo gusudira. Transformator ihindura imbaraga - voltage, imbaraga - imbaraga zubu zikaba imbaraga nkeya - voltage, hejuru - impiswi zubu, zikoreshwa kumurimo.
Ibiranga nibyiza bya pulse yubu
Ibisohoka byubu nimbaraga zo gusudira ni ibintu biranga icyerekezo kidafite icyerekezo, cyasobanuwe na:
- Impinga ndende: Impinga yubu irashobora kugera ku bihumbi mirongo amperes.
- Igihe gito: Igihe cyo gusohora ni kigufi cyane, mubisanzwe hagati ya milisegonda 1 (ms) na milisegonda 10.
Uku kurekura "inkuba - byihuse" byibanda cyane ku bushyuhe muri zone ya weld, bigatuma Ubushyuhe buke - Zone yibasiwe (HAZ). Nibyingenzi byingenzi bya tekiniki yemerera kubika ingufu zo gusudira kugirango hatagira ikimenyetso cyerekana inyuma kumpapuro zoroshye, guhuza ibyuma bidasa, no gusudira ubushyuhe - ibice byoroshye.
Impamvu enye za tekinike zitera ubuziranenge bwa Weld
Imihindagurikire yubwiza bwa weld akenshi ni ibisubizo byo gutandukana mubice bine bikurikira.
Impamvu Imizi 1: "Ibitaboneka" Imihindagurikire Yumusaruro w'ingufu
Ingufu n "" ubuzima "bwo gusudira. Ihindagurika ryayo ahanini rituruka kubikoresho byimbere no gusaza.
| Ibintu bihindagurika | Kugaragaza Tekinike | Ingaruka nziza |
| Ubusaza | Kwiyongera Kurwanya Kurwanya Kurwanya (ESR); ubushobozi nyabwo (C) buragabanuka. | Ingufu zisohora imbaraga (E) zirangirika, biganisha ku bunini buto bwa weld nugget n'imbaraga zidahagije. |
| Kwishyuza Igenzura neza | Kwishyuza voltage (V) ikosa rya $ \\ pm 1% $ cyangwa arenga. | Ingufu (E) zihinduka hamwe na kare ya voltage (V), bivuze ko ihindagurika rito rya voltage ritera imbaraga zikomeye zisimbuka. |
| Gutakaza Inzira | Kwiyongera kwinzitizi mumuzunguruko (insinga, transformateur, electrode). | Ingufu zikoreshwa imburagihe mu muzunguruko, zigabanya ingufu zifatika zagejejwe aho zisudira. |
Impamvu Imizi 2: "Ibisanzwe" Guhinduka muburyo bwo guhangana
Kubika ingufu zo gusudira byunvikana cyane kubikorwa byakazi. Kurwanya guhuza ni isoko yambere yubushyuhe bwo gusudira, kandi ituze ryayo igena neza imiterere ya weld nugget.
- Ibishushanyo mbonera bidakwiye Gutegura: Amavuta, ingese, cyangwa ibice bya oxyde kumurimo bikora inzitizi idahwitse. Iyo umuyaga uciye muri ibyo bice, bitera ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe no kwaguka kwa gaze, biganisha ku gutitira no gutitira.
- Kwambara Electrode no Kwanduza: Inama za electrode zigenda zambara buhoro buhoro, okiside, cyangwa zanduzwa nibikoresho byakazi munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu. Ibi bihindura aho electrode ihurira, igahindura ubucucike bwubu hanyuma bikavamo ubunini bwa weld budahuye.
Impamvu Imizi 3: Sisitemu ya mashini "Lag" (Kurikira - hejuru)
Igikorwa cyo gusudira ni inzitizi ikomeye yo gushonga no gukomera, bisaba igisubizo cyihuse cyane cya sisitemu yo gukanika imashini.
- Kurikirana bidahagije - hejuru: Mugihe cya milisegonda - isohoka rirerire, icyuma gishonga vuba, kandi ubunini bwakazi bukagabanuka ako kanya. Niba uburyo bwa electrode yumuvuduko (urugero, silindiri yumwuka cyangwa sisitemu ya servo) idashobora gukurikira ibi bisenyuka byihuse, icyuma gishongeshejwe ntikizabura umuvuduko uhagije, biganisha ku kugabanuka kwimyuka cyangwa gucikamo ibice bya weld, bikabangamira cyane imbaraga zo gusudira.
- Imihindagurikire y’umuvuduko: Umuvuduko w’umwuka udahungabana cyangwa gufunga silinderi mbi birashobora gutuma umuvuduko wa electrode (P) uhindagurika, bikagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye no guhangana nugget.
Impamvu Imizi 4: Umutungo wibintu bidahuye nibipimo
Ibikoresho bitandukanye bifite ibyiyumvo bitandukanye kubijyanye no gusudira, kandi ibipimo rusange birakennye cyane.
- Hejuru - Ibikoresho bitwara ibintu (urugero, Umuringa, Aluminium): Saba impinga ndende cyane cyane na ultra - igihe gito cyo gusohora kugirango wirinde ubushyuhe. Gutandukana gato birashobora kuvamo guhuza bidahagije.
- Ibikoresho bitwikiriye (urugero, ibyuma bya Galvanised): Ipitingi ya zinc ifite aho ishonga kandi igahumuka byoroshye. Niba ibipimo atari byo, zinc zumuyaga zirashobora kugwa mumutego weld, bigatera ubwoba, cyangwa gusohorwa bikabije bivuye kuri electrode - byakazi, bikaviramo gutemba bikabije.
Ingamba zo Gukwirakwiza Inganda no Kugenzura Ubuziranenge
Kugera ku bwiza buhamye bwo gusudira mu ngufu bisaba ko habaho uburyo bunoze bwo gupima "Ingufu, Guhuza, na Mikoranike".
Igenzura risobanutse: Dual - Impanuka na tekinoroji ihoraho yo kwishyuza
| Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji | Intego n'ihame | Gutezimbere ubuziranenge |
| Dual - Ikoranabuhanga rya Pulse | Mbere - kuvura: Impyisi ya mbere (umuyoboro muke) isenya okiside yo hejuru hamwe nibihumanya, bigahagarika guhangana. Gusudira: Impyisi ya kabiri (iri hejuru cyane) ikora weld nugget hejuru yisuku. | Igabanya cyane spatter, porosity, hamwe nudukonje dukonje, kunoza guhuza ibikorwa byakazi hamwe nubuso budatunganye. |
| Sisitemu Yumuriro Uhoraho | Koresha hejuru - ibikoresho bitanga ingufu hamwe nibisubizo byerekana kugirango wongere usubiremo imbaraga zumuriro (V) ni $ \\ pm 0.1% $ cyangwa byiza. | Kurandura burundu imbaraga (E) ihindagurika, byemeza ko weld ihagaze. |
| Imiterere ya Waveform | Igenzura imiyoboro isohoka kugirango igere kumurongo - hejuru, igororotse - hejuru, hamwe na - munsi yumubyimba wubu, aho kuba impinga yoroshye ityaye. | Hindura uburyo bwo gukora nugget, bigabanya imihangayiko yubushyuhe, kandi bigabanya kugabanuka. |
Igikorwa gisanzwe: Ubuyobozi bwa Electrode hamwe nakazi ka Pre - kuvura
- Imicungire ya Electrode isanzwe:
- Guhuza Ibikoresho: Hitamo ibikoresho byiza bya electrode (urugero, CuCrZr, Umuringa wa Alumina) ukurikije ibikoresho byakazi.
- Kwambara bisanzwe: Shyira mu bikorwa imashini zambara zikora kugirango urebe ko electrode tip geometrie ikomeza guhoraho. Kwambara birasabwa buri gusudira 500-1000.
- Sisitemu yo gukonjesha: Kubyinshi - kubyara umusaruro, amazi - electrode ikonje ni itegeko. Buri gihe ugenzure imiyoboro ikonje kugirango wirinde guhagarara no gushyuha.
- Urupapuro rwakazi Pre - kuvura:
- Isuku: Kubikoresho byuzuye cyangwa birebire - ibikoresho byogutwara ibintu, isuku ya ultrasonic cyangwa chimique de - okiside irasabwa kugirango akarere ka weld kitarangwamo amavuta na oxyde.
- Gutanga: Kuraho burr zakozwe mugihe cyo gutera kashe cyangwa gukata kugirango wirinde gutera akaduruvayo mugihe cyo gusudira.
Gukurikirana Ubwenge: Nukuri - Kubona amakuru no gutanga ibitekerezo
Ibigezweho bigezweho - amaherezo yo kubika ingufu zo gusudira zigomba guhuza sensor kugirango zishobore gukurikirana ubuzima bwuzuye bwikurikiranabikorwa.
- Kwishakira amakuru: Nukuri - igihe cyo gukusanya amakuru yingenzi, harimo gusohora imiyoboro yumuriro, amashanyarazi yumuriro, umuvuduko wa electrode, hamwe no kwimurwa.
- Kumenyekanisha ubuziranenge: Sisitemu ihita isuzuma ubuziranenge bwa weld ukoresheje isesengura ryimiterere yimiterere ningufu zamakuru, bigatera impuruza cyangwa guhagarika imashini ako kanya ukimara kubona ibintu bidasanzwe.
- Gukurikirana: Amakuru yo gusudira ahujwe nicyiciro cyibicuruzwa, bigafasha ubuziranenge bwa buri mwanya weld, byujuje ibisabwa byinganda nkimodoka nubuvuzi.
Igitabo cyo kugura hamwe nimbonerahamwe yo gukemura ibibazo
Kugura Ibyingenzi: Ubushobozi, Ubusobanuro, no Gukurikira - hejuru
Mugihe uhitamo imashini ibika ingufu zo gusudira, ntukibande gusa kubushobozi bwizina, ahubwo wibande kubipimo byingenzi bikurikira:
| Ibipimo fatizo | Kugura Ibyifuzo | Ubuyobozi |
| Ingufu | Kwishyuza voltage gusubiramo bigomba kuba $ \\ le \\ pm 0.5% $; igomba kwerekana amashanyarazi ahoraho. | Nibyingenzi kubudodo buhoraho; inzitizi yibanze ya tekinike kubikoresho byo hejuru - ibikoresho byanyuma. |
| Kurikirana imashini - hejuru | Suzuma uburyo bwumuvuduko wibisubizo byihuta hamwe na coefficient de friction; shyira imbere servo - sisitemu yo gutwara. | Ikintu gikomeye kigira ingaruka kumbere ya nugget (kugabanuka, gucamo). |
| Igihe cyo gusezerera | Igihe ntarengwa cyo gusohora kigomba kuba 1ms cyangwa munsi yacyo, hamwe nurwego rwagutse. | Kugena ingano ya HAZ; ingenzi mu gusudira hejuru - ibikoresho byo gutwara no kumpapuro. |
| Sisitemu yo kugenzura | Ugomba kwerekana ibintu bibiri - pulse, gushiraho imiterere, imiterere nyayo - gukurikirana, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kubika amakuru. | Yujuje Inganda 4.0 ibisabwa kugirango ubuziranenge bukurikiranwe kandi bigenzurwe. |
Ubusanzwe bwo gusudira hamwe nubuyobozi bukemura ibibazo
| Fenomenon | Impamvu Zisanzwe | Kurwanya uburyo bwiza |
| Imbaraga zo gusudira zidahagije | Ingufu (E) ziri hasi cyane; umuvuduko wa electrode (P) hejuru cyane; kwambara cyane electrode. | Ongera amashanyarazi yumuriro (V); kugenzura ubushobozi bwa capacitor; kugabanya umuvuduko (P); kwambara cyangwa gusimbuza electrode. |
| Gukwirakwiza cyane / Gutwika - unyuze | Ingufu (E) ziri hejuru cyane; umubyimba wa oxyde mwinshi hejuru yakazi; umuvuduko wa electrode (P) uri hasi cyane. | Kugabanya amashanyarazi yumuriro (V); gusukura neza igihangano cyakazi; koresha ikorana buhanga - pulse; kongera umuvuduko (P). |
| Weld Ikibanza Cyirabura / Oxidation | Igihe cyo gusudira igihe kirekire; gukonjesha electrode idahagije; gazi idahungabana ikingira gazi (niba bishoboka). | Gabanya igihe cyo gusohoka; kugenzura uburyo bwo gukonjesha amazi; Hindura ibikoresho bya electrode. |
| Ububabare muri Weld Nugget | Amavuta / umwanda ntabwo yakuwe hejuru yakazi; guhumeka ibikoresho byo gutwikira (urugero, zinc); ubukanishi budahagije gukurikira - hejuru. | Kongera ubuvuzi -; Hindura ibice bibiri - ibipimo bya pulse; reba uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo byihuta. |
Umwanzuro
Ubwiza bwo gusudira budahuye mububiko bwo gusudira ingufu ntabwo ari inenge yibikoresho ahubwo ni ukunanirwa kugera ku mikoranire myiza hagati yimikorere, ibikoresho, hamwe nibikorwa byakazi. Mugusobanukirwa amahame shingiro, gushyira mubikorwa tekinoloji igenzura neza yingufu (nka dual - pulse), gushyiraho imiyoborere isanzwe ya electrode, no gukoresha uburyo bwogukurikirana bwubwenge kugirango bikurikirane inzira, ibigo birashobora guteza imbere cyane umusaruro wo gusudira kandi bigakoresha neza ingufu zidasanzwe - kuzigama ibyiza byo gusudira ingufu.
