Mu nganda nko gushyiramo kashe, ibyuma bitwara ibinyabiziga, ibyuma bishya bitanga ingufu, umuringa - ibyuma bya aluminiyumu, hamwe no guhimba ibyuma bitagira umwanda, gusudira ahantu hashobora kuba kimwe mu buhanga bukoreshwa cyane mu guhuza ikoranabuhanga. Muburyo buboneka, imashini yo gusudira MFDC hamwe na capacitor isohora (CD) imashini yo gusudira ni bibiri mubisubizo byatoranijwe cyane. Nubwo byombi bigizwe nimiryango yo gusudira kandi ikora imirimo isa noguhuza, uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi, uburyo bwo kwinjiza ubushyuhe, imyitwarire ya nugget, hamwe nibintu bihuza bitandukanye. Itandukaniro rigira ingaruka zitaziguye imbaraga, gusohora umusaruro, ibikoresho bihamye, hamwe nigihe kirekire - igiciro cyo gukora.
Mubikorwa nyabyo byo gukora, ibigo byinshi byibanda cyane cyane kubiciro byagenwe cyangwa igiciro cyambere cyo kugura muguhitamo ibikoresho byo gusudira. Nyamara, kwirengagiza isano iri hagati yimiterere yimashini nibintu bifatika akenshi biganisha kumiterere ya weld idahindagurika, spatter ikabije, cyangwa umusaruro udahuye. Mubimenyerezo, ibikoresho bidahuye birashobora gutuma ibintu bigenda bihinduka bitagerwaho kubisubizo bihamye, amaherezo bikongera igihe cyo gutinda no kubungabunga.
Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ryibanze hagatiMFDC gusudiranacapacitor isohora ikibanza cyo gusudirani ngombwa rero kubashakashatsi, abashinzwe umusaruro, hamwe nitsinda ryo kugura. Kugereranya neza kwikoranabuhanga bifasha kwemeza ko ibikoresho byatoranijwe bihuye nibintu bifatika, ingano yumusaruro, nibisabwa byujuje ibisabwa.
Iyi ngingo itanga igereranya ryamahame yakazi, imyitwarire yubushyuhe, guhuza ibikoresho, gukora neza, hamwe nubuyobozi bufatika bwo gutoranya, bitanga tekinoroji ya tekinoroji yo gushyigikira ibikoresho byatoranijwe no gutezimbere.
1. Ihame ryibanze ryakazi Itandukaniro
Mu bintu byose byakozwe ,.ihame ryo gutanga amashanyarazini itandukaniro rikomeye hagati ya MFDC na capacitor isohora sisitemu yo gusudira. Uburyo ingufu z'amashanyarazi zibyara kandi zitangwa bigena imyitwarire yinjiza ubushyuhe, bigira uruhare runini muburyo bwa nugget no kwizerwa.
1.1 Imashini yo gusudira ya MFDC: Isohora rihoraho Ibisohoka
Imashini yo gusudira ya MFDC (Medium Frequency Direct Current Welders) ikora ikoresheje tekinoroji ya inverter yagenewe kunoza umutekano uhoraho no kugabanya gutakaza ingufu ugereranije na sisitemu gakondo ya AC. Inzira yo guhindura amashanyarazi mubisanzwe ikubiyemo ibyiciro byinshi. Ubwa mbere, ingufu za AC zisanzwe (50 Hz cyangwa 60 Hz) zikosorwa muburyo butaziguye. Izi mbaraga za DC noneho zihindurwamo hagati - inshuro za AC, mubisanzwe murwego rwa 1 kHz kugeza 4 kHz, binyuze muri module ya inverter. Ikigereranyo - cyumuvuduko unyura muri transformateur yo gusudira aho voltage yamanutse, hanyuma, irongera ikosorwa kugirango itange umusaruro uhamye wa DC ukwiye gusudira.
Kuberako iyi sisitemu itanga umusaruro uhoraho, ihindagurika ryubu ni rito, kandi ihindagurika ryimiterere ikomeza kuba hejuru. Mubikorwa byinshi byinganda, impinduramatwara irashobora kugenzurwa muri 5%, bitezimbere cyane guhuza nugget. Gutanga bihamye bigabanya itandukaniro hagati yingingo zogosha kandi bitezimbere umusaruro usubirwamo.
Mubikorwa byikora byikora, abasudira ba MFDC barashobora gukora ubudahwema mugihe kinini mugihe bakomeza ubwiza buhoraho. Uku kwizerwa gutuma bakora cyane cyane - igipimo kinini cyo gukora nko guteranya umubiri wimodoka no guhimba ibice.
Iyindi nyungu ya tekinoroji ya MFDC nubushobozi bwayo bwihuse. Iyo ihindagurika ribaye mumashanyarazi, sisitemu yo kugenzura irashobora kwishyura mugihe nyacyo, ikemeza ko umusaruro uhoraho kandi ugakomeza ubwiza bwa weld nubwo haba hari amashanyarazi atandukanye.
1.2 Imashini yo gusudira imashini isudira: Hejuru - Ibisohoka Ingufu
Imashini zisudira (CD) imashini zisudira zikoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga amashanyarazi bushingiye kububiko bwingufu no gusohora vuba. Ihame shingiro ririmo kubika ingufu zamashanyarazi muri banki za capacitor no kurekura izo mbaraga mugihe gito cyane mugihe cyo gusudira.
Mugihe cyo gukora, capacator zishyurwa buhoro buhoro kurwego rwateganijwe. Umuvuduko ukenewe umaze kugerwaho, uruziga rwo gusudira ruba rutangiye, kandi ingufu zabitswe zisohoka hafi ako kanya binyuze mukuzunguruka. Ibi birema impinga ndende cyane impiswi isanzwe imara hagati ya milisegonda 1 na 20.
Nubwo igihe cyo gusohora ari gito cyane, urwego rwo hejuru ruri hejuru cyane ugereranije na sisitemu ikomeza. Izi mbaraga zitanga ingufu zituma zone yo gusudira igera ku bushyuhe bwa fusion hafi ako kanya. Kuberako gusohora bibaho byihuse, harigihe gito kugirango ubushyuhe bukwirakwira mubintu bikikije, bivamo ubushyuhe buke - zone yibasiwe.
Byongeye kandi, kubera ko ingufu zibikwa buhoro buhoro kandi zikarekurwa vuba, umutwaro kuri gride ya power ni muto. Ibi biranga bituma capacitor isohora gusudira ikwiranye cyane nibikoresho bifite ubushobozi buke bwamashanyarazi cyangwa ibidukikije aho imashini nyinshi zisangira umurongo umwe w'amashanyarazi.
2. Gushyushya Ibisohoka Ibiranga nimyitwarire ya Nugget
Kurwanya gusudira, gushinga nugget nicyo kintu cyambere kigena imbaraga zo gusudira no kwizerwa. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga ubushyuhe butanga imiterere yubushyuhe butandukanye, bigira ingaruka kumiterere ya weld hamwe nimyitwarire yibintu.
2.1 MFDC Ikibanza cyo gusudira: Buhoro buhoro Kwinjira no Gushiraho Nugget
Mu gusudira kwa MFDC, imiyoboro ikomeza ituma ubushyuhe bwiyongera buhoro buhoro muri zone ihuza kandi ikinjira cyane mubikoresho. Ubu buryo bwo gushyushya bugenda butera ubushyuhe bukwirakwizwa mukarere ka weld. Nkigisubizo, weld nugget ikunda kuba yuzuye kandi yubatswe.
Ibihe bisanzwe byo gusudira kuri sisitemu ya MFDC iri hagati ya milisegonda 80 na milisegonda 300, bigatuma umwanya uhagije wubushyuhe bwinjira mubice bihuriweho. Mugihe cyimikorere itajegajega, nugget diameter ihindagurika irashobora kugenzurwa muri mm 0.2 kugeza kuri mm 0.4 mm, bigatanga umurongo uhoraho mugihe cyizunguruka.
Uru rwego rwo guhuzagurika ni ngombwa cyane cyane kuburemere - bitwara ibice. Mu gukora ibinyabiziga, kurugero, ingingo nyinshi zo gusudira akenshi zisangira imitwaro yubatswe. Niba ingano ya nugget itandukanye cyane hagati yo gusudira, irashobora guhungabanya ubunyangamugayo bwinteko.
Ariko, kubera ko igihe cyo gushyuha ari kirekire, ubushyuhe byanze bikunze bikwirakwira mubintu bikikije. Nkigisubizo, ubushyuhe zone - yibasiwe na zone (HAZ) muri rusange ni nini kuruta iyo gusudira gusohora. Mubisabwa birimo ibikoresho bito cyangwa ibisabwa byo kwisiga bikabije, igenamiterere ridakwiriye rishobora kuganisha ku ibara ryoroheje cyangwa kugoreka kwaho.
2.2 Gusudira kwa capacitori gusudira: Ubushyuhe bwibanze hamwe nubushyuhe buke - Zone yibasiwe
Gusohora gusohora gusohora kubyara ubushyuhe ako kanya. Iyo ingufu zibitswe zirekuwe, impinga ndende itera ubushyuhe bwihuse kuri weld. Kuberako igihe cyo gushyushya ari kigufi cyane, gusudira kurangira mbere yuko ubushyuhe bugira igihe cyo gukwirakwira cyane mubice bikikije.
Ibihe bisanzwe byo gusudira biri hagati ya milisegonda 1 kugeza kuri 20, bikaba bigufi inshuro nyinshi ugereranije na MFDC yo gusudira. Iki gihe gito kigabanya ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe kandi bituma ubushyuhe - bwibasiwe na zone bugabanukaho hafi 30% kugeza 70%, bitewe nibintu bifatika nubunini.
Kugabanya ubushyuhe bwinjiza nabyo bigabanya impinduka za metallurgjique yibikoresho bikikije, ibyo bigatuma habaho isura nziza kandi ntigire ibara ryinshi. Kubisabwa aho ubuziranenge bugaragara ari ngombwa, nkibikoresho byerekana ibyuma bidafite ingese cyangwa ibyuma bishushanya ibyuma, gusudira gusohora ibintu akenshi bitanga ibisubizo byiza.
Nyamara, ubu buryo bwo gushyushya bwihuse nabwo bugaragaza aho bugarukira. Iyo gusudira ibikoresho binini, ubushyuhe budahagije bushobora kubaho mugihe urwego rwingufu zidahuye neza nubunini bwibintu. Mu bihe nk'ibi, ubuso bwo gusudira bushobora kugaragara ko bwemewe mugihe guhuza imbere bikomeje kutuzura, bishobora kugabanya imbaraga zo gusudira.
3. Guhuza Ibikoresho hamwe nibisanzwe
Guhitamo ibikoresho bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo tekinoroji yo gusudira. Itandukaniro mumashanyarazi hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro bigira ingaruka cyane kuburyo ubushyuhe bwitwara mugihe cyo gusudira.
3.1 Ibikoresho bisanzwe ninganda zo gusudira MFDC
MFDC yo gusudira ikwiranye neza nibikoresho - ibikoresho byubugari hamwe nibikoresho byubaka bisaba imbaraga za mashini nyinshi. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo impapuro za karubone, hejuru - ibyuma byimbaraga, guteranya ibyuma byinshi, hamwe nibyuma byubaka.
Mu nganda zikoreshwa mu nganda, sisitemu yo gusudira ya MFDC ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora amamodoka, cyane cyane mu gusudira imibiri yumubiri, ibyapa byongera imbaraga, hamwe na chassis. Ibi bice mubisanzwe biri hagati ya mm 1.0 na mm 2,5 z'ubugari kandi bigomba kwihanganira imihangayiko ikomeza mugihe cya serivisi.
Sisitemu ya MFDC nayo ikoreshwa muburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho byo murugo hamwe nini - igipimo cyimpapuro zipima, aho imbaraga zogusudira zihoraho hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byinshi byinjira. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukomeza imikorere ihamye hejuru yumusaruro wagutse bituma biba byiza kubidukikije byikora.
3.2 Ibikoresho bisanzwe ninganda zo gusudira gusohora imashini
Kudoda gusohora gusohora birakwiriye cyane cyane kubikoresho bito ndetse nicyuma gikora cyane nkumuringa na aluminium. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo impapuro zidafite ingese, nikel - ibikoresho bikozwe mu cyuma, ibyuma bya galvanis, amavuta yumuringa, amavuta ya aluminiyumu, hamwe n’umuringa - hamwe na aluminium.
Mu rwego rushya rwingufu, gusohora gusohora gusohora gukoreshwa cyane mugusudira bateri no gusya umuringa - guhuza aluminium. Ibi bikoresho mubisanzwe bifite ubunini hagati0.1 mm na 0.3 mmkandi bisaba kugenzura neza ubushyuhe kugirango wirinde kwangirika.
Byongeye kandi, gusudira CD bikoreshwa kenshi mumashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, hamwe nibyuma bisobanutse neza, aho kugoreka gake no kugaragara neza birasa. Ubushobozi bwo guhunika ubushyuhe mukarere gato bituma biba byiza kubintu byoroshye bisaba kwihanganira cyane.
4. Imbonerahamwe yingenzi igereranya Imbonerahamwe
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana muri make itandukaniro ryibanze hagati ya MFDC na sisitemu yo gusudira gusohora:
| Parameter | MFDC Umudozi | Ubushobozi bwo gusudira |
|---|---|---|
| Ibisohoka | Gukomeza DC | Hejuru - Impanuka |
| Igihe cyo gusudira | 80-300 ms | 1–20 ms |
| Ubushyuhe - Zone yibasiwe | Kinini | Ntoya |
| Ubunini bwibikoresho bikwiye | Hagati | Ibikoresho bito |
| Kugaragara | Nibyiza | Cyiza |
| Ubushobozi bwo Gukomeza Gukomeza | Hejuru | Guciriritse |
| Ingaruka ya Gride | Guciriritse | Hasi |
5. Amabwiriza afatika yo guhitamo imashini isudira neza
Guhitamo imashini isudira ikwiye bisaba gusuzuma ibintu biranga ibintu nibisabwa kugirango umusaruro aho gushingira gusa kubikoresho byihariye.
5.1 Iyo MFDC Umwanya wo gusudira Nuguhitamo neza
Sisitemu yo gusudira ya MFDC muri rusange irasabwa mugihe ikorana nibikoresho bigereranije - ibikoresho byubugari, ibyubatswe byinshi, cyangwa ibice bisaba imbaraga zubukanishi. Birakwiriye cyane cyane kubidukikije aho umusaruro weld uhoraho hamwe nigihe kirekire - kwizerwa ni ngombwa.
Kurugero, ibinyabiziga byubatswe gusudira akenshi bisaba imbaraga zihamye kandi zisubirwamo imbaraga, bigatuma sisitemu ya MFDC ihitamo. Byongeye kandi, iyo imirongo yumusaruro ikora ubudahwema mugihe kinini, abasudira ba MFDC batanga igihe kirekire kandi gihoraho kugirango bakomeze umusaruro.
5.2 Iyo ubushobozi bwo gusudira gusudira aribwo buryo bwiza
Sisitemu yo gusudira ya capacitori mubisanzwe igisubizo cyatoranijwe kubikoresho bito hamwe nicyuma gikora cyane nkumuringa cyangwa aluminium. Nibyiza kandi mugihe hagabanijwe kugoreka ubushyuhe no gukomeza kugaragara hejuru nibyingenzi byingenzi.
Mubikoresho bifite ubushobozi buke bwamashanyarazi, imashini zo gusudira CD zitanga inyungu zinyongera kuko zitanga ingufu nke kumashanyarazi. Inzira yabo yo gusudira byihuse nayo itezimbere imikorere yibikorwa bikora neza aho ibice bito bigomba gutunganywa kumuvuduko mwinshi.
Umwanzuro: Guhitamo Ibyiza Biterwa nibisabwa
Nubwo MFDC na capacitor zisohora imashini zo gusudira ziri mubyiciro bimwe byo gusudira birwanya, itandukaniro ryabyo mugutanga amashanyarazi nimyitwarire yubushyuhe biganisha kumyanya itandukanye yo gukoresha. Sisitemu yo gusudira ya MFDC ikwiranye neza nuburyo buringaniye - ubunini bwububiko busaba gusudira gukomeye kandi guhoraho, mugihe sisitemu yo gusohora capacitori nziza cyane mubikoresho bito ndetse nicyuma gikora cyane aho hakenewe ubushyuhe buke.
Mugihe uhitamo ibikoresho byo gusudira, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ubwoko bwibintu, ubunini bwibintu, ibisabwa hejuru yubuziranenge, hamwe nibisabwa byumusaruro. Guhitamo ibikoresho bishingiye kuri izi ngingo zifatika aho kugura ikiguzi cyonyine bizafasha kwemeza ubuziranenge bwo gusudira, kuzamura umusaruro, no kugabanya igihe kirekire -.
