Mu gukora ibinyabiziga bigezweho, Umubiri - muri - Ubwiza bwo gusudira bwera (BIW) bugaragaza mu buryo butaziguye imbaraga zimiterere yikinyabiziga kandi bikagaragaza ituze ryumurongo. Imodoka isanzwe itwara abagenzi irimo4000 kugeza 6.000 gusudira, mugihe ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi hamwe na - imbaraga zicyuma zishobora kurengaIngingo 7,000 zo gusudira. Hamwe numubare munini wudoda, niyo ijanisha rito ryingingo zidahindagurika zirashobora gukura vuba mubibazo byubuziranenge mugihe cyo kugenzura kwa nyuma. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abakora ibinyabiziga basaba mbere - gutsindira ibiciro byemerwa hejuru99.5%, hamwe na zone zikomeye zubatswe zegereje99.9%.
Mu musaruro wa buri munsi,spatternaintege nkeguma kubintu bibiri bikunze kugaragara bigira ingaruka kuri weld. Spatter ntabwo yanduza gusa urupapuro rwakazi kandi ikongerera umwanya - igihe cyo gusya, ariko cyane cyane, irashobora guhisha inenge zo gusudira imbere, bigatuma gusudira bidakomeye kubimenya. Iyo abasudira bafite intege nke banyuze muburyo butemewe bwo guterana, akenshi bivamo ibikorwa binini - gukora cyangwa kwanga ibice, bishobora guhungabanya gahunda yumusaruro no kongera ibiciro byinganda.
Sisitemu gakondo yo kurwanya AC yo gusudira mubisanzwe igera kubiciro byambere - ibipimo byatsinze murwego rwa96% kugeza kuri 98%, ahanini biterwa no kugenzura imipaka yubushyuhe bwinjira. Mugihe urwego rwimikorere rwemewe mubishushanyo mbonera byimodoka hakoreshejwe ibyuma byoroheje, ibinyabiziga bigezweho byishingikiriza cyane kumashanyarazi yo hejuru - ibyuma byimbaraga, amabati, hamwe nuburyo bwinshi -. Ibi bikoresho bisaba kugenzura neza, kandi kongera imiyoboro yo gusudira ntibikiri bihagije. Ahubwo, urufunguzo rwo kunoza imiterere ya weld irikugenzura neza imiyoboro yo gusudira, kwemeza ko buri mbaraga zinjiza ziguma zihamye kandi zisubirwamo.
Ni ukubera iki gusudira hamwe no gusudira bidakomeye bikomeza kubaho?
Mubikorwa byinshi byo gukora, gusudira hamwe no gusudira bidakomeye akenshi biterwa nibikoresho bidahuye cyangwa ibintu bikora. Nyamara, duhereye kubijyanye na injeniyeri, ubusanzwe ubusanzwe buhujwe nubushyuhe bwinjira butajegajega. Iyo imiyoboro yo gusudira izamuka vuba cyangwa mugihe ihindagurika ryitumanaho rihindagurika, ibyuma byaho birashobora gushonga vuba kandi bikirukanwa mukarere ka weld kubera imbaraga za electronique, bigatera spatter igaragara hafi ya weld.
Ku rundi ruhande, gusudira bidakomeye, bibaho iyo ubushyuhe budahagije bwabujije gushiraho nugget yuzuye. Izi nenge akenshi ziragoye kubibona mumashusho ariko birashobora kugabanya cyane imbaraga zo gusudira nubuzima bwumunaniro. Mubice byububiko bwimodoka, gusudira bidakomeye birashobora gukora ingingo zananiranye zihungabanya umutekano wibinyabiziga mugihe kirekire - igihe cyigihe cyangwa impanuka.
Kugirango usobanukirwe neza inenge zisanzwe zo gusudira ningaruka zabyo, imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana muri make imiterere isanzwe:
Inenge Zisanzwe zo gusudira hamwe ningaruka zabyo
| Ubwoko Bwuzuye | Kugaragara bisanzwe | Impamvu | Ingaruka z'umusaruro |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spatter | Ibice by'ibyuma bikikije weld | Kuzamuka byihuse cyangwa guhuza bidasubirwaho | Kwiyongera gusya no kwambara electrode |
| Intege nke | Undersized weld nugget | Ubushyuhe budahagije | Kugabanya imbaraga zifatanije |
| Kugabanuka | Imiterere yimbere | Ibihe bikonje bidahungabana | Kugabanya ubucucike bwa weld |
| Gutwika - Binyuze | Gutobora ibikoresho | Umuvuduko ukabije cyangwa umuvuduko muke | Kwanga akazi |
Umusaruro uturuka kumirongo yo gusudira yimodoka yerekana ko spatter - ibibazo bifitanye isano bishobora kongera imirimo yo kurangiza30% kugeza kuri 50%, mugihe ibikorwa byatewe no gusudira bidakomeye birashobora kugurainshuro eshatu kugeza kuri eshanukuruta ibikorwa bisanzwe byo gusudira. Mubikoresho byinshi - ingano yimodoka, isaha yigihe cyo gutungurwa gitunguranye gishobora kuvamo igihombo kuva ku bihumbi byinshi kugeza ku bihumbi mirongo byamadorari, bigatuma umutekano weld uba mwiza ndetse nubukungu.
Gusudira MFDC: Kuva Ubushyuhe bukabije kugeza kugenzura neza ubushyuhe
Sisitemu gakondo ya sisitemu yo gusudira ikora kuri50 Hz, kubyara insimburangingo irenga zeru muri buri cyiciro. Uku guhagarika inshuro nyinshi bitera akarere ka weld guhura nigihe cyizuba cyo gukonjesha no gushyuha. Ihindagurika ryumuriro akenshi ritera nugget idahungabana kandi byongera cyane amahirwe yo gutandukana.
Sisitemu yo gusudira Hagati Hagati (MFDC) sisitemu yo gusudira, bitandukanye, ihindura imbaraga zinjira murihejuru - inshuro zikurikira hejuru ya Hz 1.000, hanyuma bigakosorwa muburyo butaziguye. Kuberako ikigezweho gikomeza, ubushyuhe bwinjira burahinduka, butuma weld nugget itera imbere. Iyi nyungu iba ingenzi cyane mugihe cyo gusudira hejuru - ibyuma byimbaraga cyangwa ibikoresho bya galvanis.
Kugereranya AC vs MFDC Umwanya wo gusudira
| Parameter | Welding | MFDC Welding | Ingaruka zifatika |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ibisohoka | 50 Hz | 1.000-4,000 Hz | Umuvuduko mwinshi utezimbere ituze |
| Ubwoko bwa none | Ubundi | Ibiriho | Kuraho ihagarikwa ryubu |
| Ubushyuhe | Guciriritse | Hejuru | Imiterere myinshi ya nugget |
| Igipimo cya Spatter | Hejuru | Yagabanutseho 60-70% | Ubuso buke |
| Kugenzura Ukuri | ±8–10% | Muri ± 2% | Kunoza gusudira |
| Ingufu | Hasi | Hejuru ya 15-25% | Kugabanya gukoresha ingufu |
Mubikorwa nyabyo bibyara umusaruro, sisitemu yo gusudira MFDC yerekanye iterambere rihoraho mubwiza bwa weld. Abakora ibinyabiziga benshi bavuga ko kuzamura ikoranabuhanga rya MFDC bishobora kongera mbere - pass weld kuva hafi97% kugeza hejuru ya 99.5%, kugabanya cyane imirimo no kunoza umusaruro.
Multi - Icyiciro cya Waveform Igenzura: Gutanga Ingufu Aho Bifite akamaro
Mugihe ibikoresho byimodoka bigenda bigorana, harimo - ibyiciro byinshi hamwe nibikoresho bivanze nkibyuma bya galvanis hamwe nicyuma kinini - ibyuma, idirishya ryo gusudira riba rito. Niba ikigezweho kizamutse cyane, spatter ikabije irashobora kubaho. Niba ikigezweho kidahagije, nugget gushiraho irashobora kuba ituzuye. Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, sisitemu yo gusudira ya MFDC igezweho yishingikirizabyinshi - icyiciro cyo kugenzura ibyiciro, kwemerera ingufu gutangwa buhoro buhoro na stratégie mugihe cyo gusudira.
Ibisanzwe Bitatu - Stage Welding Waveform Imiterere
| Icyiciro | Igikorwa Cyibanze | Ikigereranyo kiriho | Inyungu nziza |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shyushya Icyiciro | Kumena hejuru | 20–40% | Kugabanya spatter yambere |
| Icyiciro cya Weld | Ifishi ya weld nugget | 100% | Iremeza imbaraga zo gusudira |
| Guhimba Icyiciro | Gucomeka nugget | 40–60% | Kunoza ubucucike |
Mu myitozo, igizwe neza na - ibyiciro byerekana ibyerekezo bitezimbere cyane. Kurugero, mugusudira ibyuma byogosha, icyiciro kibanziriza ubushyuhe gifasha kumena hejuru yubuso no guhagarika imikoranire, mugihe icyiciro nyamukuru gitanga ubushyuhe buhagije bwo gushinga nugget. Icyiciro cya nyuma cyo guhimba gikoresha compression igenzurwa kugirango itezimbere ubwinshi bwa nugget no kugabanya inenge zimbere.
Ubwubatsi bwerekana ko ingamba zifatika zishobora kugabanya inenge zo kugabanuka nahejuru ya 80%mugihe ukomeza imbaraga zo gusudira imbere±3 N, bivamo gusubiramo cyane gusudira.
Gufunga - Kugenzura Ibitekerezo Kugenzura Birebire Birebire - Igihe gihamye
Imiterere yo gusudira ntabwo ihagaze neza. Igihe kirenze, electrode yambara, umubyimba wurupapuro uratandukanye gato, kandi imiterere yo gutwikira irashobora guhinduka. Hatariho - indishyi zigihe, izi mpinduka zigenda zitesha agaciro ubwiza bwa weld.
Sisitemu igezweho ya MFDC ikoreshagufunga - kugenzura ibitekerezo, guhora ukurikirana gusudira amashanyarazi, voltage, hamwe nimbaraga zo guhangana. Mugusesengura ibyo bimenyetso mugihe nyacyo, sisitemu ihita ihindura ibyasohotse nyuma kugirango ikomeze imiterere yo gusudira.
Mumurongo wambere wo gusudira mumodoka, ufunze - kugenzura bizenguruka mubisanzwe:
- Ingufu zisubiramo imbere±2%
- Imbaraga zo gusudira zitandukanye zagabanutse na30–40%
- Icyambere - igipimo cyo kwemererwa cyatsinzwe kuri99.9%
Kumurongo mwinshi - ingano yimodoka, uru rwego rwibikorwa bihamye bigabanya cyane igihe cyateganijwe, bitezimbere umusaruro uhoraho, kandi bigabanya ingaruka ziterwa ninganda.
Guhitamo Iburyo bwa MFDC Umwanya wo gusudira
Guhitamo nezaIbikoresho byo gusudira MFDCbikubiyemo ibirenze kugereranya ubushobozi bugezweho. Iriba - sisitemu yatoranijwe igomba gushyigikira igihe kirekire - igihe gihamye kandi igahuza ibintu bitandukanye.
Ubwa mbere, imiterere ihindagurika igomba gusuzumwa neza. Imiterere yimodoka ikubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye bitandukanye, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutangiza ibyiciro byinshi byerekana imiterere ituma abashoramari bakora neza - guhuza ingufu zitangwa kuri buri porogaramu. Sisitemu idafite imiterere ihindagurika akenshi irwana no gukomeza imikorere ihamye mubihe bitandukanye byo gusudira.
Icya kabiri, ibitekerezo byukuri bigomba gusuzumwa. Sisitemu yo hejuru - sisitemu yo gutanga ibitekerezo irashobora guhita yishyura imyenda ya electrode cyangwa itandukaniro ryibintu, bikagabanya ibikenerwa guhindura intoki no kunoza umusaruro.
Hanyuma, ubushobozi bwo gucunga amakuru bwabaye ingirakamaro. Sisitemu nziza yimodoka isaba gukurikiranwa byuzuye ibipimo byo gusudira. Sisitemu yandika imirongo igezweho, igihe cyo gusudira, hamwe namakuru yatunganijwe yemerera injeniyeri gusubiramo amateka yumusaruro no gusubiza vuba kugenzura ubuziranenge cyangwa ibibazo byumurima.
Nukuri - Inyigo Yisi Yose: Gutezimbere Mbere - Gutanga umusaruro kuva 97% ukagera kuri 99.9%
Mu mushinga umwe wo gusudira umubiri, uwabikoze yabanje gushingira kuri sisitemu gakondo yo gusudira AC. Nyuma yigihe, injeniyeri zarebaga inshuro nyinshi, ubuzima bwa electrode bugufi, nibibazo byo gukomeza gukora. Nyuma yo gukora isuzuma rirambuye ryibikorwa, ikigo cyazamuye sisitemu yo gusudira ya MFDC kandi gishyira mubikorwa gahunda nziza.
Ibisubizo byari bifite akamaro:
Imikorere yo gusudira mbere na nyuma yo kuzamura
| Ibipimo | Mbere yo Kuzamura | Nyuma yo Kuzamura |
|---|---|---|
| Icyambere - Gutanga Umusaruro | 97.2% | 99.9% |
| Igipimo cya Spatter | 28% | 8% |
| Ubuzima bwa Electrode | 2,500 gusudira | 4500 gusudira |
| Gusya Igihe | Ibyingenzi | Yagabanutseho 40% |
Uru rubanza rwerekana ko optimizasiyo itanga inyungu zifatika zamafaranga. Mugabanye spatter no kugabanya imirimo, umusaruro wateye imbere mugihe ibiciro byo gukora byagabanutse cyane.
Umwanzuro
Mugihe uruganda rukora amamodoka rukomeje kugenda rwiyongera rugana ibikoresho - ibikoresho byimbaraga, inyubako nyinshi -, hamwe na sisitemu yo gukora mu buryo bwikora, kugenzura ubuziranenge bwo gusudira byahindutse bivuye muburyo bwo guhindura intoki bijya mu makuru - byashizweho neza. Ikoranabuhanga rya MFDC ryo gusudira, rifatanije na - icyiciro cyo kugenzura ibyerekezo no gufunga ibitekerezo -, bitanga urwego rwumutekano rukenewe kugirango ibinyabiziga bigezweho.
Gusudira no gusudira bidakomeye ntabwo ari inenge zishobora kwirindwa. Mu bihe byinshi, biva kubugenzuzi budahagije bwo kwinjiza ubushyuhe aho kuba ibintu bidashoboka. Iyo sisitemu yo gusudira ishoboye gucunga itangwa ryingufu neza kandi igahinduka kuburyo bugaragara kugirango itandukane, ubwiza bwa weld buba buteganijwe kandi busubirwamo.
Ku bakora inganda bategura imirongo mishya yumusaruro cyangwa kuzamura sisitemu zihari, gushora imari muri tekinoroji ya MFDC hamwe no kugenzura imiyoboro ihanitse ntabwo ari ukuzamura tekiniki gusa. Irerekana ingamba ndende - ingamba zo kunoza imiterere ya weld, kugabanya ibiciro byakazi, no gukomeza guhatanira guhangana ninganda zikora cyane.
