Gusudira kwa Diffusion byahindutse ikorana buhanga mu kirere, mu gice cya kabiri, no mu nganda za kirimbuzi bitewe n'ubushobozi bwihariye bwo gukora atome - urwego rwa metallurgical hamwe n'ababyeyi - imbaraga z'umubiri hamwe na zeru ya macroscopique. Ba injeniyeri bashaka - imikorere ihuza ibisubizo, gusobanukirwa byimbitseimashini yo gusudiraimiterere hamwe nubusabane bukomeye bwimirima yumubiri ningirakamaro kugirango habeho inzira ihamye kandi yizewe.
Aka gatabo gatanga tekinike ya sisitemu enye yibanze isobanura ibikoresho byo gusudira bigezweho.
Sisitemu yo gushyushya
Sisitemu yo gushyushya ikora nk'imbaraga z'imashini yo gusudira ikwirakwizwa, ishinzwe gukora ibidukikije bimwe kandi bigenzurwa neza. Kubera ko inzira yo guhuza ishingiye cyane kumikorere yubushyuhe bwa atome, niyo ihindagurika ryubushyuhe rito rishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kuri coefficient de diffuzione - iyobowe nuburinganire bwa Arrhenius - bityo bikagena ubwiza buhebuje bwububiko bwa metallurgie kuri interineti.
Uburyo bwo Gushyushya hamwe n'ubushyuhe
- Mu nganda ibikoresho - ibikoresho byo mu rwego, ubushyuhe bwo guhangana nigisubizo cyiganje cyane. Imiterere yacyo yibanze igizwe nubushyuhe bukozwe mumigozi ya molybdenum, insinga za tungsten, cyangwa grafite - yera. Ibi bikoresho bitunganijwe muburyo bwinshi - zone kugirango itange ubushyuhe bumwe kumurimo. Kugirango hongerwe ingufu zumuriro no kurinda urukuta rwa vacuum, ibyo bintu bikingiwe na sisitemu yo kubika ibyuma bigizwe nibice byinshi bya molybdenum hamwe nicyuma gishyushya ibyuma.
- Kugirango wirinde guhagarika ubushyuhe bwumuriro cyangwa guhunika ingano biterwa nubushyuhe bukabije, imashini ikora - igomba gukora neza ubushyuhe bugera kuri dogere 1 kugeza kuri dogere 2. Kugera kuri uru rwego rwo kugenzura bisaba guhuza - platine yuzuye - rhodium thermocouples (Ubwoko S cyangwa B) hamwe na PID yateye imbere - guhuza algorithm.
- Binyuze mu bice byinshi - byigenga byigenga byigenga, sisitemu igabanya itanura mubice bitandukanye byumvikana, bigahindura imbaraga ziva mumashanyarazi ya Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) ishingiye kubitekerezo byukuri -. Ibi byemeza ko uburinganire bwumuriro murwego rwakazi rukora buguma murwego rwa dogere 5.
Kugereranya ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gushyushya ibikoresho
| Ibikoresho | Ikigereranyo Cyinshi | Ibidukikije | Ibiranga tekiniki & Ibyifuzo |
| Molybdenum | Impamyabumenyi 1700 | Icyuho kinini | Isuku irenze urugero; nta bihumanya bihindagurika. Bikunzwe kuri semiconductor - gusudira. |
| Igishushanyo | Impamyabumenyi 2200 | Vacuum / Inert | Inertia yumuriro mwinshi nigiciro - ikora neza, nubwo ibyago byo kwanduza karubone bigomba gucungwa kubutare bumwe na bumwe. |
| Tungsten | Impamyabumenyi 2800 | Ultra - Vacuum | Nibyiza kuri ultra - ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buhuza ibyuma byangiritse nka Niobium, Tantalum, na Molybdenum. |
Sisitemu yo Kuzamura Umuvuduko
Sisitemu yo gupakira ibintu ni inkingi ya kabiri ikomeye yo gukwirakwiza gusudira. Igikorwa cyacyo cyibanze ni ugutsinda microscopique yubuso ukoresheje umutwaro wo hanze utera imiterere ya plastike yaho, ukazana umwanya wa atome hejuru yimbere murwego rwo gukurura interatomic. Mu rwego rwo gukwirakwiza imashini yo gusudira, gutuza no gukemura ikibazo cyo kugenzura igitutu byerekana neza ubucucike nubusugire bwurugingo.
Hydraulic na Sisitemu ya Servo
Sisitemu yigitutu ikurikiza inzira ebyiri zitandukanye tekinike: hydraulic na servo - gutwara imizigo.
- Sisitemu ya Hydraulic ikoresha hydraulic fluid kugirango yohereze ingufu zinyuze hejuru - imikorere igereranije na servo ya valo. Ibyiza byabo byibanze biri mubushobozi bwabo bwo kwikorera, hamwe nimbaraga imwe - yingingo zirenga toni 100 kugeza 1000.
- Nyamara, sisitemu ya hydraulic ikunze guhura nuburinganire buke kumuvuduko muke kandi bigatera ibyago byo kwanduza amazi mubidukikije.
Ibinyuranye, servo - sisitemu ikoreshwa ikoresha moteri ya servo kugirango itware imipira yuzuye neza, itanga igisubizo cyiza cyo kugenzura no gusubiza imbaraga. Izi sisitemu zirashobora gukomeza ihindagurika ryumuvuduko muri ± 0.1% FS (Igipimo Cyuzuye) kandi igatanga imyanzuro yo kwimurwa neza nka 0.1 mm kugeza kuri 1 mm. Ubu busobanuro ningirakamaro muburyo bukurikira - kugenzura igihe no kwishyura indishyi yibintu hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Kugereranya Tekinike: Hydraulic na Sisitemu yo Gutwara Servo
| Ibipimo bya tekiniki | Sisitemu ya Hydraulic | Servo {{0} System Sisitemu Yayobowe | |
| 1 | Igitutu | Mubisanzwe ± 1% kugeza ± 3% FS | Ibisobanuro birambuye, kugeza kuri ± 0.1% kugeza ± 0.5% FS |
| 2 | Icyemezo cyo Kwimura | Hafi . 0.01 mm kugeza 0.1mm | Ultra - neza, 0.1 mm kugeza kuri 1 mm |
| 3 | Igisubizo kidasanzwe | Buhoro (mubisanzwe> 100m) | Byihuta (mubisanzwe <50ms) |
| 4 | Isuku |
Ibyago byo kumeneka kwa peteroli; bisaba kubungabungwa |
Amavuta - kubuntu kandi bisukuye; byiza kubidukikije |
| 5 | Porogaramu | Kinini - igipimo, kiremereye - ibice byubaka | Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki byuzuye, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, impfunyapfunyo |
Sisitemu yo kugenzura
Akenshi byitwa "ubwonko" bwimashini, sisitemu yo kugenzura icunga sisitemu yihariye kandi cyane cyane, igahuza ibintu bine - ibipimo byubushyuhe, umuvuduko, vacuum, nigihe.
Igenzura rya Porogaramu no Kwinjira
Ibikoresho bigezweho bigezweho byubatswe kuri PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) cyangwa IPC (Inganda PC), bituma abayikoresha mbere - bashiraho ibisubizo bitoroshye hamwe nibice birenga 30. Mugihe cyo gukora, sisitemu ikora urutonde rukomeye - uhereye kumyuka ya vacuum no gushyushya intambwe kugeza kuri progaramu ya progaramu ya progaramu ya progaramu, ubushyuhe bukabije -, hamwe no gukonjesha. Icyitegererezo cya byibura 10Hz kirasabwa kugirango sisitemu ifate kandi yishyure ibitonyanga byumuvuduko ako kanya biterwa no koroshya ibintu, bikomeza ibidukikije bihamye.
Ku nganda zifite ubuziranenge bukomeye bwo gukurikiranwa, nk'ikirere, umurimo wo kwinjiza amakuru niwo wambere. Muguhuza Linear Variable Differential Transformer sensor, sisitemu yandika compression yibikorwa hamwe na micron - urwego rwukuri (mubisanzwe ± 0.001mm) kandi rutanga tamper - gihamya ya raporo ya PDF. Buri cyiciro gihabwa indangamuntu idasanzwe, ikemeza ko buri ntambwe yimikorere - kuva mubikoresho fatizo kugeza ibice byarangiye - byujuje ubuziranenge bwa NADCAP cyangwa ISO 9001.
Sisitemu ya Vacuum na Atmosifike
Sisitemu ya vacuum nikirere ikora nkumurinzi wa interineti ihuza. Kubera ko gusudira gukwirakwiza bisaba guhura ku gipimo cya atome, ndetse no gushakisha urugero rwa firime ya okiside cyangwa imyuka ya adsor irashobora gukora nk'inzitizi zo kwimuka kwa atome.
Urwego rwa Vacuum na Iboneza rya Sisitemu
Imiterere isanzwe yo gukwirakwiza imashini isudira igaragaramo sisitemu yo kuvoma icyiciro cya - igizwe na pompe ya rotine vane, pompe yumuzi, hamwe na pompe ya - pompe (yaba ikwirakwizwa cyangwa pompe ya turbomolecular).
Inzira itangirana na pompe yizunguruka kugirango ikorwe, ikurikiwe na Roots kugirango yongere umuvuduko wo kuvoma mumashanyarazi aciriritse, hanyuma amaherezo - pompe ya vacuum kugirango igere kumuvuduko ukabije uri hagati ya 5 × 10⁻³ Pa na 1 × 10⁻⁵ Pa.Kugirango hatabaho umwuka wa ogisijeni mugihe kinini cyo gushiramo, igipimo cyo kumeneka (umuvuduko wizamuka) kigomba kugumaho munsi ya 0.5 Pa / h.
Byongeye kandi, sisitemu ishyigikira kwinjiza gaze - imyuka yera (99,999% yera), nka Argon. Iyi myuka ikora nk'itangazamakuru ryohereza ubushyuhe kugirango hongerwe umurima w'ubushyuhe cyangwa nk'ibikoresho bikonjesha muri sisitemu yo kuzimya gazi yo hejuru - (ikora hagati ya bar 2 na 15 bar) kugirango igenzure neza microstructure hamwe nubukanishi.
Umwanzuro
Isesengura ryuzuye ryimiterere ya mashini yo gusudira hamwe na sisitemu yimikorere yibanze nintambwe yambere iganisha ku guhitamo ibikoresho neza no guteza imbere inzira nziza. Mugihe cyo gusuzuma ibikoresho, injeniyeri agomba gushyira imbere uburinganire bwumuriro, gufunga - umuvuduko ukabije wumuvuduko, hamwe nubusugire bwa vacuum bushingiye kumiterere yihariye yibintu n'imiterere yimishinga yabo. Kumenya ibi bipimo nurufunguzo rwo kugera hejuru - ubuziranenge, bwizewe bwo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa mubikorwa byateye imbere.
